Ngiyabonga ngokuvakashela imvelo.com. Uhlobo lwesiphequluli osisebenzisayo lunokusekelwa kwe-CSS okukhawulelwe. Ngomuzwa omuhle kakhulu, sincoma ukuthi usebenzise isiphequluli esibuyekeziwe (noma khubaza imodi yokuhambisana ne-Internet Explorer). Okwamanje, ukuqinisekisa ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo, sizonikela ngesiza ngaphandle kwezitayela kanye ne-javascript.
I-Chelsea Wold iyintatheli esezingeni eliphezulu esekelwe eHague, Netherlands kanye nomlobi we-Daydream: Isifiso esiphuthumayo sokushintsha amathoyilethi.
Izinhlelo ezikhethekile zangasese ezikhipha i-nitrogen kanye nezinye izakhamzimba ezivela kumchamo ukuze zisetshenziswe njengomanyolo neminye imikhiqizo. Isikweletu sesithombe: Mak / Georg Mayer / Eoos Okulandelayo
I-Gotland, Island esikhulu kunazo zonke eSweden, inamanzi amancane amancane. Ngasikhathi sinye, izakhamizi zibhekene namazinga ayingozi zokungcoliswa kwezinhlelo zezokuthuthwa kwendle ezibangela ukuqhakaza okulimazayo okuzungeza ulwandle lweBaltic. Bangabulala izinhlanzi futhi benze abantu bagule.
Ukusiza ukuxazulula lolu chungechunge lwezinkinga zemvelo, lesi siqhingi sinqeka amathemba aso kule nto engathandeki ebahlanganisa: umchamo womuntu.
Kusukela ngo-2021, iqembu labacwaningi laqala ukusebenza nenkampani yendawo ekhipha izindlu zangasese eziphathwayo. Umgomo ukuqoqa amalitha angaphezu kuka-70,000 womchamo esikhathini seminyaka engu-3 emikhombeni engenamanzi kanye nezindlu zangasese ezinikezelwe ezindaweni eziningi ngesikhathi sokuvakasha ehlobo. Iqembu laqhamuka eSweden University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) e-Uppsala, esiye sahlasela inkampani ebizwa nge-sanitation360. Kusetshenziswa inqubo abacwaningi bathuthukile, bemisa umchamo kuma-chunks afana nama-chunks, abasendaweni ethile bese becindezelwa kuma-granules womanyolo. Abalimi bendawo basebenzisa umanyolo ukuze bakhule ibhali, bese bethunyelwa eBrewlees ukukhiqiza i-Ale engahle ibuyele emjikelezweni ngemuva kokusebenzisa.
I-Prithvi Simha, unjiniyela wamakhemikhali e-SLU ne-CTO of Saniation360, uthe umcwaningi womcwaningi ukuthi "udlulele ngawo mqondo bese usebenza kabusha" u-Urine wasebenzisa kabusha ngezinga elikhulu. Umgomo ukuhlinzeka ngemodeli engahlelwa emhlabeni wonke. "Umgomo wethu wonke umuntu, yonke indawo, ukwenza lo msebenzi."
Esivivinyweni se-Getland, i-Ubine-Mandelized Barley (kwesokudla) kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezingafakwanga (isikhungo) kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali (kwesobunxele). Isikweletu sesithombe: Jenna Senecal.
Iphrojekthi ye-GetLadland iyingxenye yomzamo ofanayo womhlaba wonke wokuhlukanisa umchamo kusuka kwamanye amanzi amdaka bese uwasebenzisa kabusha kwimikhiqizo efana nomanyolo. Umkhuba, owaziwa ngokuthi ukuphrintiwe umchamo, ufundwa ngamaqembu e-United States, e-Australia, eSwitzerland, e-Ethiopia, naseNingizimu Afrika, phakathi kwabanye. Le mizamo ingena kude kakhulu kweLaboatories eyunivesithi. Izinamba ezingenamanzi zixhunywe ezinhlelweni zokulahla ezingaphansi emahhovisi e-Oregon naseNetherlands. I-Paris ihlela ukufaka amathoyilethi aphambukayo emchamo e-ecozone eyakhiwe yabahlali abayi-1 000 edolobheni le-14throwity. I-European Space Agency izobeka amathoyilethi angama-80 endlunkulu yayo yeParis, ezoqala imisebenzi kamuva kulo nyaka. Abakwa-Urine Diversionponts bathi kungathola ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezisukela ezindaweni zokuphuma kwamasosha emakamu ababaleki, izikhungo zasemadolobheni ezicebile kanye nama-slamling slums.
Ososayensi bathi ukuphambuka komchamo, uma kuthunyelwa ngezinga elikhulu emhlabeni wonke, kungaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu emvelweni nasempilweni yomphakathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umchamo ucebile kwezakhi zomzimba ezingangcolisi izidumbu zamanzi futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwenza umanyolo izitshalo noma ezinqubweni zezimboni. I-Simha ilinganisela ukuthi abantu bakhiqize umchamo okwanele ukuze athathe isikhundla cishe ikota ye-nitrogen kanye ne-phosphate yomanyolo we-phosphate; Ibuye ibe ne-potassium kanye nezinto eziningi zokulandela umkhondo (bheka "izifunda kumchamo"). Okuhle kunakho konke, ngokungashintshi umchamo odonsa phansi, ugcina amanzi amaningi futhi unciphise umthwalo ohlelweni lokukhukhunga lwendle olugugile kanye ne-ackerbureded.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe emkhakheni, izingxenye eziningi zokuphambukiswa komchamo zingasheshe zibonge kabanzi ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezindlu zangasese namasu wokulahla umchamo. Kepha futhi kunezingqinamba ezinkulu ekushintsheni kwesisekelo kwesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni. Abaphenyi kanye nezinkampani kudingeka babhekane nezinselelo eziningi, kusuka ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kwezindlu zangasese eziphambukisa umchamo ukwenza umchamo kube lula ukucubungula futhi uphenduke abe yimikhiqizo ebalulekile. Lokhu kungafaka nezinhlelo zokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ezixhumene nezindlu zangasese ngazinye noma imishini engaphansi kokusebenzela isakhiwo sonke nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuthola kabusha umkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe noma oqinile (bheka "umchamo kuMkhiqizo"). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezingqinamba ezibanzi zokushintsha kwezenhlalo nokwamukelwa, ezixhumene namazinga ahlukahlukene ama-degros amasiko amasiko ahambisana nokungcola kwabantu nasezinhlanganweni ezihlala ngokujulile ngamanzi angcolile wezimboni kanye nezinhlelo zokudla.
Njengoba umphakathi unamathela ngokushoda kwamandla, amanzi, nezinto zokwakha ezivuthiwe zezolimo nezolimo, ukuhlukahluka komchamo nokuphinda usebenzise "inselelo enkulu ekwenzeni inhlanzeko," kusho udokotela wezinto ezi-biologiolist lynn broution, umeluleki we-minneapolis-based Survability. . "Uhlobo oluzobe lubaluleke ngokwengeziwe. UMinnesota, wayengumongameli owedlule we-Aquatic Federation of Alexandria, VA., Inhlangano yomhlaba wonke yochwepheshe bekhwalithi yamanzi. "Empeleni kuyinto ethile."
Kwake kwaba isikhathi, umchamo wawuyinto ebalulekile. Esikhathini esedlule, eminye imiphakathi iyisebenzisile umanyolo izilimo, yenza isikhumba, ukugeza, nokwenza isibhamu. Kwathi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, imodeli yanamuhla yokulawulwa kwamanzi okusemqoka kwavuka eGreat Britain futhi yasakazeka emhlabeni wonke, kufinyelela kulo lonke ubumpumputhe bokuthi u-Urinary.
Kule modeli, amathoyilethi asebenzisa amanzi ukudonsa ngokushesha umchamo, izindunduma, nephepha lasendlini yangasese ezansi kwe-drain, exutshwe nolunye uketshezi ezivela emithonjeni yasekhaya, yezimboni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izivunguvungu zezivunguvungu. Ezikhungweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi okuphakathi nendawo, izinqubo ezikhuthele kakhulu zisebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukwelapha amanzi amdaka.
Ngokuya ngemithetho yendawo kanye nemibandela yesitshalo sokwelashwa, amanzi angcolile akhishwe kule nqubo kungenzeka anesilinganiso esibalulekile se-nitrogen nezinye izakhamzimba, kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolile. Ama-57% abantu bomhlaba awaxhunyiwe ohlelweni oluphakathi nendawo nakancane (bona "indle wabantu").
Ososayensi basebenzela ukwenza amasistimu aphakathi nendawo abazinzile kakhulu futhi bangcolise phansi okuncane, kepha baqala ngeSweden ngeminyaka yama-1990s, abanye abacwaningi bacindezela izinguquko eziyisisekelo. Intuthuko ekugcineni kwepayipi "kungenye nje ukuvela kwento efanayo," kusho uNancy Love, unjiniyela wezemvelo e-University of Michigan eMichigan e-Ann Arbor. Ukuphambukisa umchamo kuzoba "ushintsho," kusho yena. Esifundweni 1, okwakulingisa ama-wastewater Management Systems e-US Three US States, yena kanye naye aqhathanisa amasistimu wokwelashwa wamanzi amdaka anezinkinga zamanzi azobuyisa umchamo futhi asebenzisa umsoco otholakele esikhundleni somanyolo womuntu. Balinganisela ukuthi imiphakathi esebenzisa ukuphambukiswa komchamo inganciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa ngama-47%, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-41%, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuhlanzekile cishe ngengxenye engama-64%. ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, umqondo uhlala u-niche futhi ukhawulelwe kakhulu ezindaweni ezizimele anjengeScandinavia Eco-G indlu, izindawo zasemakhaya, kanye nentuthuko ezindaweni ezihola kancane.
Tove La Larsen, unjiniyela wamakhemikhali eSwitzerger Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (eawag) eDübendorf, kusho iningi le-Backlog libangelwa yizindlu zangasese ngokwazo. Kuqala ukwethulwa emakethe ngeminyaka yo-1990s kanye no-2000s, iningi langasese eliphambukayo libe nesitsha esincane phambi kwabo ukuze baqoqe uketshezi, ukuhlelwa okudinga ukuqondiswa ngokucophelela. Eminye imiklamo ifaka amabhande asebenza ngonyawo oluvumela umchamo ukuthi akhiphe njengoba umquba uthuthwe emgqonyeni womquba, noma izinzwa ezisebenza ama-valves ukuqondisa umchamo kwisichasi esihlukile.
Ithoyilethi ye-prototype ehlukanisa umchamo futhi ilome ibe yimpuphu ehlolwe ekomkhulu leNkantolo yaseSweden Water and Sewer Company VA SYD eMalmö. Isikweletu sesithombe: Eoos Okulandelayo
Kepha kumaphrojekthi wokuhlola kanye namabonakambisa eYurophu, abantu abakazange bamukele ukusetshenziswa kwabo, kusho uLarsen, ekhononda ukuthi baningi kakhulu, banephunga futhi engathembekile. "Sasimiswa ngempela ngesihloko sezindlu zangasese."
Lokhu kukhathazeka kwahlasela ukusetshenziswa kokuqala okulinganiselwe kwezindlu zangasese eziphambukisa umchamo, iphrojekthi edolobheni laseNingizimu Afrika laseThekwini kuma-2000s. U-Anthony Odili, ofunda ukuphathwa kwezempilo e-University of KwaZulu-Natal eThekwini, kusho ukwanda okungazelelwe kwemingcele yobandlululo yangemva kwedolobha kuye kwaphumela eziphathini ezingenisa izindawo zasemakhaya nezendlu yangasese.
Ngemuva kokuqubuka kwekholera ngo-Agasti 2000, iziphathimandla zisheshe zithumele izindawo eziningana zokukhucululwa kwendle ezahlangabezwa izingqinamba zezezimali nezisebenzayo, kufaka phakathi izindlu zangasese ezomile ezingama-80,000, iningi lazo lisasebenza namuhla. Umchamo ukhipha emhlabathini ovela ngaphansi kwendlu yangasese, futhi izindunduma zigcina endaweni yokugcina indawo lapho idolobha likhiphe khona njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kusukela ngo-2016.
U-Odili uthe le projekthi idale izindawo eziphephile zokukhucululwa kwendle kule ndawo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwesayensi yezenhlalo luhlonze izinkinga eziningi ngohlelo. Naphezu komqondo wokuthi amathoyilethi angcono kunalutho, izifundo, kufaka phakathi ezinye izifundo azihlanganyele kulo, kamuva wabonisa ukuthi abasebenzisi ngokuvamile abazithandi, kusho u-Odili. Iningi lazo lakhiwa ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme futhi alinakukwazi ukusebenzisa. Ngenkathi lezo zindlu zangasese kufanele zivimbele amakha, umchamo ezindaweni zangasese eThekwi zivame ukuphelela kwisitoreji esinobuhlakani, edala iphunga elibi. Ngokusho kuka-Odili, abantu "abakwazanga ukuphefumula ngokujwayelekile." Ngaphezu kwalokho, umchamo awusetshenziswa.
Ekugcineni, ngokusho kuka-Odili, isinqumo sokwethula izindlu zangasese ezomile ezakhiwe zaphezulu futhi azizange zicabange izintandokazi zabantu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezizathu zezempilo zomphakathi. Ucwaningo lwe-2017 luthole ukuthi angaphezu kwama-95% abaphenduli be-eThekwini babefuna ukufinyelela kwalezindlu ezifanele, ezingenamo ENingizimu Afrika, amathoyilethi kade abe uphawu lokungalingani kwezinhlanga.
Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka okusha kungaba yimpumelelo ekuphambukiseni umchamo. Ngo-2017, kuholwa nguMklami KaHarald Grundl, ngokubambisana neLarsen nabanye, i-Austrian Design Grom Oos (ihlelwe kusuka e-Eoos Okulandelayo) ikhiphe isicupho somchamo. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokuthi umsebenzisi ahlose, futhi umsebenzi wokuphambukiswa komchamo ucishe ungabonakali (bheka "uhlobo olusha lwendlu yangasese").
Isebenzisa ukuthambekela kwamanzi ukunamathela ezindaweni (ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-kettle effect ngoba isebenza njenge-kettle engalungile) ukuqondisa umchamo kusuka emgodini ohlukile (bheka "ukuthi ungabuyisela kanjani umchamo"). Kuthuthukiswe ngemali evela ku-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation eSeattle, eWashington, esekwese i-swathe ebanzi yokucwaninga ekubuseni kwamathoyilethi ngezilungiselelo zezinkuni eziphansi, isicupho somchamo singafakwa kukho konke kusuka kuma-squat amapeni. Kuthuthukiswe ngemali evela ku-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation eSeattle, eWashington, esekwese i-swathe ebanzi yokucwaninga ekubuseni kwamathoyilethi ngezilungiselelo zezinkuni eziphansi, isicupho somchamo singafakwa kukho konke kusuka kuma-squat amapeni. Kuthuthukiswe ngemali evela ku-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation eSeattle, eWashington, esekwese uhla olubanzi lokucwaninga kwamathoyilethi aphansi, isicupho somchamo singakhiwa kukho konke kusuka kumamodeli anezisekelo ze-ceramic kuma-squats epulasitiki.amabhodwe. Kuthuthukiswe ngemali esuka kwi-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation eSeattle, eWashington, esekela ucwaningo olunzulu ekuvuselelekeni kwendlu yangasese ephansi, umhlangano womchamo angakhiwa kuyo yonke into evela kumamodeli asuselwa epulasitiki asuselwa kumathayi e-squat epulasitiki.Umkhiqizi waseSwitzerland uLaufen usuvele ukhulula umkhiqizo obizwa nge- "Gcina!" Emakethe yaseYurophu, yize izindleko zayo ziphezulu kakhulu kubathengi abaningi.
I-University of KwaZulu-Natal Council kanye neTheku City Council futhi bahlola izinhlobo zangasese zezindlu zomchamo ezingaphambukisa umchamo futhi zithobe udaba lokushaya. Okwamanje, ucwaningo lugxile kakhulu kubasebenzisi. U-Odie unethemba lokuthi abantu bazokhetha amathoyilethi amasha aphambukayo ngoba aphunga kangcono futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kepha uyaphawula ukuthi amadoda kufanele ahlale phansi ukuze achaze, okuwukushintshwa kwamasiko amakhulu. Kepha uma amathokheni "nawo amukelwa futhi amukelwa ngemigwaqo etholwa yimali ephezulu - ngabantu abavela ezinhlambezwe ezahlukahlukene - empeleni izosiza ukusakazeka," kusho yena. Uneze njalo ukuba nelensi yohlanga, "engeza, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi azihlakumi into ebonwa ngokuthi" emnyama kuphela "noma" impofu kuphela. "
Ukuhlukaniswa komchamo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala kuphela ekuguquleni indle. Ingxenye elandelayo ukuthola ukuthi ngenzeni ngakho. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, abantu bangayigcina ngama-vat ukubulala noma yimaphi amagciwane abese bese uyisebenzisa epulazini. I-World Health Organisation yenza izincomo zalo mkhuba.
Kepha imvelo yasemadolobheni iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - kulapho kukhiqizwa khona iningi lomchamo. Bekungeke kube khona okusebenzayo ukwakha ama-genger ahlukene ahlukene kulo lonke idolobha ukuletha umchamo endaweni ephakathi nendawo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi umchamo unamaphesenti angama-95 wamanzi, kubiza kakhulu ukuwagcina nokuhambisa. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi bagxile ekomiseni, bagxile, noma bakhiphe izakhi zomzimba emchameni ezingeni lendlu yangasese noma isakhiwo, bashiya amanzi ngemuva.
Ngeke kube lula, kusho uSarson. Ngokobunjiniyela, "kusho uPiss yisixazululo esibi," kusho yena. Ngaphezu kwamanzi, iningi le-urea, i-nitrogen-ecebile compound yokuthi umzimba ukhiqiza njengomkhiqizo we-protein metabolism. U-Urea ulusizo engokoqobo: I-Synthetic version ingumanyolo we-nitrogen ojwayelekile (bheka izidingo ze-nitrogen). Kepha futhi kuyinkohliso: lapho kuhlanganiswa namanzi, urea uphenduka i-ammonia, enikeza umchamo iphunga layo elicijile. Uma kungavulwanga, i-ammonia ingakwazi ukuhogela, ingcolise umoya, futhi isuse i-nitrogen ebalulekile. I-Catalyzed yi-Enzyme Enzyme e-Ubiquitous, lokhu kusabela, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Urea Hydrolysis, kungathatha amasosha amancane, u-Umen Omunye wama-enzyme asebenza kahle owaziwayo.
Ezinye izindlela zivumela i-hydrolysis ukuthi iqhubeke. Abaphenyi be-Eawag bathuthukise inqubo ethuthukisiwe evula umchamo we-hydrolyzed ibe yisixazululo esihlanganisiwe sezakhi zomzimba. Okokuqala, ku-aquarium, ama-microorganisms aguqula ama-amomoni e-amomoni e-anmonia abe yi-ammonium nitrate engaguquki, umanyolo ojwayelekile. I-distiller bese igxilisa uketshezi. Uxhaso olubizwa nge-Vuna, futhi lususelwe eDübendorf, lusebenzela ukuthengisa uhlelo lwezakhiwo nomkhiqizo obizwa nge-Aurin, oluvunyelwe eSwitzerland ngezitshalo zokudla.
Abanye bazama ukuyeka ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis ngokukhulisa ngokushesha noma ukwehlisa i-pH yomchamo, okuvame ukungathathi hlangothi lapho kukhishwa. Ekhampasi ye-University of Michigan, uthando lusebenzisana neNoprofit Earth Institute e-Bratterbor, eVermont, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezakhiwo ezisusa i-acid yama-citric asusa amathoyilethi aphambukise izindlu zangasese ezingenamanzi. Amanzi aqhuma emichameni. Umchamo ubese ugxile ngokuqanda okuphindaphindiwe kanye ne-thawing5.
Ithimba le-SLU eliholwa nguNjiniyela Wezemvelo Bjorn Winneros esiqhingini saseTotland sakha indlela yokwakha umchamo ohlanganiswe nezakhi zomzimba eziqinile ezixutshwe nezinye izakhamzimba ezihlanganisiwe. Leli qembu lihlola i-prototype yabo yakamuva, indlu yangasese ethokomele enomile eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, endlunkulu yeNhloko Yezinkampani ZaseSweden Water and Sewerer Va Syd eMalmö.
Ezinye izindlela ziqondise izakhi zomzimba ngamunye emchameni. Bangahlanganiswa kalula ngamaketanga okunikeza akhona kumanyolo kanye namakhemikhali ezimboni, kusho unjiniyela wamakhemikhali uWilliam Tarpeh, owayekade eyisifo se-postdoctols esithandani manje eseStanford University eCalifornia.
Indlela ejwayelekile yokubuyisela i-phosphorus kusuka kumchamo we-hydrolyzed ukufakwa kwe-magnesium, okubangela ukuhanjiswa komanyolo okubizwa ngokuthi yi-struvite. UTarpeh uzama ngemifino yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-adsorbent ezingasusa i-nitrogen ngokukhethekile njenge-ammonia6 noma phosphorus njenge-phosphate. Uhlelo lwakhe lusebenzisa uketshezi oluhlukile olubizwa nge-regenerant egeleza ngokusebenzisa amabhaluni ngemuva kokuphela. URegenerant uthatha izakhamzimba futhi avuselele amabhola emzuliswano olandelayo. Le yindlela ephansi ye-Tech-Tech, Passive, kepha ama-regenerates okuhweba alungile emvelweni. Manje iqembu lakhe lizama ukwenza imikhiqizo eshibhile futhi enobungane kakhulu imvelo (bheka "ukungcoliswa kwesikhathi esizayo").
Abanye abacwaningi bathuthukisa izindlela zokukhiqiza ugesi ngokubeka umchamo kumaseli kaphethiloli we-microbial. ECape Town, ENingizimu Afrika, elinye iqembu liye lathuthukisa indlela yokwenza izitini zokwakha ezingezona ezingezinsuku ngokuxuba umchamo, isihlabathi kanye ne-ureache-akhiqiza amagciwane ekubumbeni. Bakhale kunoma yisiphi isimo ngaphandle kokudubula. I-European Space Agency icubungula umchamo wama-Astronauts njengezinsiza zokwakha izindlu enyangeni.
"Uma ngicabanga ngekusasa elibanzi lomchamo ukuphindaphinda futhi lisebenze kabusha, sifuna ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka," kusho uTarpeh.
Njengoba abaphenyi bephishekela uhla lwemibono yokwakha umchamo, bayazi ukuthi yimpi ekhuphukayo, ikakhulukazi imboni egxilile. Izinkampani zomanyolo kanye nokudla, abalimi, abakhiqizi bendlu yangasese kanye nabathengisi bephuze ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu emikhungweni yabo. "Kuningi i-inertia eningi lapha," kusho uSimcha.
Isibonelo, e-University of California, Berkeley, ucwaningo kanye nokufakwa kwemfundo kukaLaufen Gcina! Lokho kufaka phakathi ukuchitha imali kumakhi wezakhiwo, ukwakha nokuhambisana nemithetho kamasipala - futhi lokho akwenziwa okwamanje, kusho uKevin Ona, unjiniyela wezemvelo manje osebenza eWest Virgatu University eMorgantown. Uthe ukuntuleka kwamakhodi kanye nemithetho ekhona kudale izinkinga zokuphathwa kwezikhungo, ngakho-ke wajoyina iqembu elalithuthukisa amakhodi amasha.
Ingxenye ye-inertia ingahle ibe ngenxa yokwesaba ukumelana kwe-shopper, kepha inhlolovo yabantu abangu-2021 yabantu abasemazweni ayi-167 bathola ukuthi ezindaweni ezinjengeFrance, iChina ne-Uganda, ukuzimisela abantu bazokudla? ').
UPam Elardo, ohola amanzi angcolile wokulawulwa kwe-Wastewater Administration njengePhini Lomlawuli weNew York City Environmental Protection Agency, uthe usekela izinto ezintsha ezinjengezinhloso zomchamo njengoba izinhloso zomchamo eziphambili ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kanye nezinsizakusebenza zokuvuselela kabusha izinsiza. Ulindele ukuthi idolobha elinjengeNew York, indlela esebenza kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu yokuphambukisa umchamo kuzoba izinhlelo ezingekho emthethweni zizoba yi-Off-Grid Systems kwi-Retrofit noma izakhiwo ezintsha, ezingezelwe ngokulungiswa kwemisebenzi. Uma abakwa-Dogs bangaxazulula inkinga, "kufanele basebenze," kusho yena.
Njengoba kunikezwe le ntuthuko, i-larsen ibikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi kanye nokuzenzakalela kobuchwepheshe bokuphambukiswa komchamo kungenzeka kungabi kude. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa icala lebhizinisi ngalolu shintsho ekuphathweni kwemfucuza. Ukwehlukahluka komchamo "kuyindlela efanelekile," kusho yena. "Lokhu kungukuphela kobuchwepheshe obungaxazulula izinkinga zokudla kwasekhaya ngenani elifanele lesikhathi. Kepha abantu kufanele benze izingqondo zabo. "
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