Ukunakekelwa kwenjini kubalulekile ekweluleni impilo yesixhumi sakho sokuthutha.Eqinisweni, ukukhetha kokuqala kwenjini efanele kungenza umehluko omkhulu ohlelweni lokulungisa.
Ngokuqonda izidingo ze-torque yemoto nokukhetha izici ezifanele zemishini, umuntu angakhetha injini ezohlala iminyaka eminingi ngaphezu kwewaranti ngokulungiswa okuncane.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemoto kagesi ukukhiqiza i-torque, okuncike emandleni nesivinini.I-National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) ithuthukise amazinga okuhlukaniswa kwedizayini achaza amakhono ahlukahlukene ezinjini.Lezi zigaba zaziwa ngokuthi amajika edizayini e-NEMA futhi ngokuvamile ziyizinhlobo ezine: A, B, C, kanye no-D.
Ijika ngalinye lichaza i-torque evamile edingekayo ukuqalisa, ukusheshisa nokusebenza ngemithwalo ehlukene.I-NEMA Design B motors ibhekwa njengamamotho ajwayelekile.Zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo lapho i-current yokuqala iphansi kancane, lapho i-torque yokuqala ephezulu ingadingeki, nalapho injini ingadingi ukusekela imithwalo esindayo.
Yize i-NEMA Design B ihlanganisa cishe u-70% wawo wonke amamotho, eminye imiklamo yetorque kwesinye isikhathi iyadingeka.
Idizayini ye-NEMA A iyafana nedizayini engu-B kodwa inesiqalo esiphezulu samanje netorque.Amamotho e-Design A afaneleka kahle ukuthi asetshenziswe nama-Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) ngenxa ye-torque ephezulu yokuqala eyenzeka lapho injini isebenza eduze komthwalo ogcwele, futhi ukuqala okuphezulu ekuqaleni akuthinti ukusebenza.
I-NEMA Design C kanye ne-D motors ibhekwa njengama-torque motors aphezulu.Zisetshenziswa lapho i-torque eyengeziwe idingeka ekuqaleni kwenqubo ukuze kuqalwe imithwalo esinda kakhulu.
Umehluko omkhulu kakhulu phakathi kwemiklamo ye-NEMA C kanye no-D inani lokushelela kwesivinini sokuphela kwemoto.Ijubane lokushelela lenjini lithinta ngqo ijubane lemoto lapho lilayisha ngokugcwele.Injini enezigxobo ezine, engasheleli izogijima ku-1800 rpm.Injini efanayo ene-slip eyengeziwe izosebenza ku-1725 rpm, kuyilapho injini enokushelela okuncane izogijima ku-1780 rpm.
Abakhiqizi abaningi banikela ngezinhlobonhlobo zamamotho ajwayelekile aklanyelwe amajika ahlukahlukene we-NEMA design.
Inani le-torque elitholakala ngesivinini esihlukile ngesikhathi sokuqala libalulekile ngenxa yezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Amaconveyor ayizicelo zetorque ezingashintshi, okusho ukuthi itorque yazo edingekayo ihlala injalo uma isiqalile.Kodwa-ke, amaconveyor adinga i-torque eyengeziwe yokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwe-torque.Amanye amadivaysi, njengamadrayivu amafrikhwensi ahlukahlukene kanye nama-hydraulic clutch, angasebenzisa i-torque ephukile uma ibhande lokuhambisa lidinga i-torque engaphezu kwaleyo enganikezwa injini ngaphambi kokuqala.
Enye yezinto ezingathinta kabi ukuqala komthwalo i-voltage ephansi.Uma i-voltage yokufaka yokufaka yehla, i-torque eyenziwe yehla kakhulu.
Uma ucabangela ukuthi i-torque ye-motor yanele yini ukuqala umthwalo, i-voltage yokuqala kufanele icatshangelwe.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage ne-torque kuwumsebenzi we-quadratic.Isibonelo, uma i-voltage yehla ibe ngu-85% ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, injini izokhiqiza cishe u-72% we-torque ku-voltage egcwele.Kubalulekile ukuhlola i-torque yokuqala ye-motor maqondana nomthwalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
Khonamanjalo, isici esisebenzayo yinani lomthwalo ongaphezu kwamandla injini engakwazi ukumelana nawo ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile.Kungase kubonakale sengathi ukuphakama kwamazinga esevisi, kungcono, kodwa lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ukuthenga injini enkulu uma ingakwazi ukusebenza ngamandla amakhulu kungaholela ekumoshweni kwemali nesikhala.Okufanelekile, injini kufanele isebenze ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kuka-80% no-85% wamandla alinganiselwe ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle.
Isibonelo, izinjini ngokuvamile zithola ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ekulayisheni okugcwele phakathi kuka-75% no-100%.Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, uhlelo lokusebenza kufanele lusebenzise phakathi kuka-80% no-85% wamandla enjini asohlwini lwe-nameplate.