I-Third Pole iyinkundla yezilimi eziningi ezinikele ekuqondeni izindaba zamanzi nezemvelo e-Asia.
Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uphinde ushicilele I-Third Pole ku-inthanethi noma uphrinte ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Creative Commons.Sicela ufunde umhlahlandlela wethu wokushicilela kabusha ukuze uqalise.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, bekulokhu kushunqa intuthu koshimula abakhulu ngaphandle kwedolobha lase-Meerut e-Uttar Pradesh.Izigayo zikashukela ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho ye-India zenza ibhande elide lokuthutha lezinhlanga ezinomucu phakathi nenkathi yokugaya umoba, kusukela ngo-October kuya ku-April.Imfucumfucu yezitshalo ezimanzi iyashiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi, futhi umphumela ulenga phezu kwendawo.Nokho, naphezu kokubonakala kuwumsebenzi, ukutholakala kukamoba wokondla imboni empeleni kuncipha.
U-Arun Kumar Singh, 35, ongumlimi kamoba wasesigodini saseNanglamal, okuyindawo eqhele ngesigamu sehora uma uhamba ngemoto usuka eMeerut, ukhathazekile.Ngenkathi yokukhula ka-2021-2022, isivuno sikaSingh sikamoba sehliswe cishe ngo-30% - ngokuvamile ulindele u-140,000 kg epulazini lakhe elingamahektha amahlanu, kodwa ngonyaka odlule wazuza u-100,000 kg.
U-Singh usole irekhodi lokushisa langonyaka odlule, inkathi yemvula eshintshashintshayo kanye nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane okubangele isivuno esibi.Isidingo esikhulu sikamoba sikhuthaza abalimi ukuthi batshale izinhlobo ezintsha ezithela kakhulu kodwa ezingaguquguquki, esho.Ekhomba insimu yakhe uthe, “Lolu hlobo lwezilwane lwaqalwa eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule futhi ludinga amanzi engeziwe minyaka yonke.Noma ngabe yikuphi, awekho amanzi anele endaweni yethu.”
Umphakathi ozungeze iNanglamala uyisikhungo sokukhiqiza i-ethanol ngoshukela futhi usendaweni yaseNdiya enkulukazi ekhiqiza umoba.Kodwa e-Uttar Pradesh nakulo lonke elaseNdiya, ukukhiqizwa komoba kuyehla.Khonamanjalo, uhulumeni omkhulu ufuna izigayo zikashukela zisebenzise umoba osele ukukhiqiza i-ethanol eningi.
I-Ethanol ingatholakala ku-petrochemical esters noma kumoba, ummbila nokusanhlamvu, okubizwa ngokuthi i-bioethanol noma i-biofuels.Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zitshalo zingavuselelwa, ama-biofuels ahlukaniswa njengomthombo wamandla avuselelekayo.
I-India ikhiqiza ushukela omningi kunalokho eliwudlayo.Ngesizini ka-2021-22 ikhiqize amathani ayizigidi ezingama-39.4 kashukela.Ngokusho kukahulumeni, ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya cishe kungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-26 ngonyaka.Kusukela ngo-2019, i-India ibilwa nesifo sikashukela ngokuthumela ngaphandle iningi lalo (ngaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-10 ngonyaka odlule), kodwa ongqongqoshe bathi kungcono ukuyisebenzisela ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol njengoba kusho ukuthi izimboni zingakhiqiza ngokushesha.Khokha futhi uthole imali eyengeziwe.ukugeleza.
I-India iphinde ingenise uphethiloli ngamanani amakhulu: amathani ayizigidi eziyi-185 kaphethiloli ngo-2020-2021 abiza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-55, ngokusho kombiko wethangi lesifundazwe iNiti Aayog.Ngakho-ke, ukuxuba i-ethanol nophethiloli kuhlongozwa njengendlela yokusebenzisa ushukela, ongadliwe ekhaya, kuyilapho uzuza ukuzimela kwamandla.U-Niti Aayog ulinganisela ukuthi ingxube engu-20:80 ye-ethanol nophethiloli izosindisa izwe okungenani amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 ngonyaka ngo-2025. Ngonyaka odlule, i-India yasebenzisa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.6, noma cishe amaphesenti angu-9, ushukela ekukhiqizeni i-ethanol, futhi ihlela ukufinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezi-4.5-5 ngo-2022-2023.
Ngo-2003, uHulumeni waseNdiya wethula uhlelo lukaphethiloli oxutshwe ne-ethanol (EBP) ngomgomo wokuqala wengxube ye-ethanol engu-5%.Njengamanje, i-ethanol yenza cishe amaphesenti ayishumi engxube.Uhulumeni waseNdiya uzibekele umgomo wokufinyelela ku-20% ngo-2025-2026, futhi inqubomgomo iwukuwina njengoba "izosiza i-India iqinise ukuphepha kwamandla, ivumele amabhizinisi endawo nabalimi ukuthi babambe iqhaza emnothweni wamandla futhi behlise. ukukhishwa kwezimoto.”ukusungulwa kwezimboni zikashukela kanye nokwanda, kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2018 uhulumeni ubehlinzeka ngohlelo lwemixhaso nosizo lwezezimali ngendlela yokubolekwa imali.
"Izakhiwo ze-ethanol zikhuthaza ukuvutha okuphelele futhi zinciphise ukukhishwa kwezimoto njengama-hydrocarbon, i-carbon monoxide kanye nezinhlayiya," kusho uhulumeni, wengeza ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ethanol okungamaphesenti angu-20 emotweni enamasondo amane kuzonciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon monoxide ngamaphesenti angu-30 futhi kunciphise i-hydrocarbon. ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.ngo-30%.20% uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli.
Uma ishisiwe, i-ethanol ikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngaphansi kuka-20-40% kunophethiloli ovamile futhi ingabhekwa njenge-carbon neutral njengoba izitshalo zimunca i-CO2 njengoba zikhula.
Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi lokhu akunaki ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka nge-ethanol.Ucwaningo lwase-US lwe-biofuel ngonyaka odlule lwathola ukuthi i-ethanol ingase ibe ngaphezu kwama-24% emandla ekhabhoni ngaphezu kukaphethiloli ngenxa yesisi esiphuma ekushintsheni kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo kanye nokulimala kwe-ecosystem.Kusukela ngo-2001, amahektha angu-660,000 omhlaba e-India aguqulelwe kumoba, ngokwezibalo zikahulumeni.
"I-Ethanol ingaba nekhabhoni eningi njengowoyela kaphethiloli ngenxa yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekushintsheni kokusetshenziswa komhlaba kwezitshalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza i-ethanol," kusho uDevinder Sharma, uchwepheshe wezolimo nezohwebo.“Bheka iJalimane.Ngemva kokuqaphela lokhu, i-monocultures manje isidangele. "
Ochwepheshe bakhathazekile nangokuthi umkhankaso wokusebenzisa umoba ukukhiqiza i-ethanol ungaba nomthelela omubi ekuvikelekeni kokudla.
USudhir Panwar, usosayensi wezolimo nowayeyilungu le-State Planning Commission yase-Uttar Pradesh, wathi njengoba inani likamoba lizoncika kakhulu kuwoyela, “lizobizwa ngokuthi isitshalo samandla.”Uthi lokhu “kuzoholela ekutheni kube nezindawo ezilinywayo kuphela, okuzonciphisa ukuvunda komhlabathi futhi kwenze izilimo zibe sengcupheni yezinambuzane.Kuzophinde kuholele ekutheni kube nokungavikeleki kokudla njengoba umhlaba namanzi kuzobe sekuphambukiselwa ekulimeni okuphehla amandla.”
E-Uttar Pradesh, izikhulu ze-Indian Sugar Mills Association (ISMA) kanye nabalimi bomoba base-Uttar Pradesh batshele iThe Third Pole ukuthi izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba okwamanje azisetshenziselwa umoba ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo.Esikhundleni salokho, bathi ukwanda komkhiqizo kuza ngenxa yensalela ekhona kanye nezinqubo zokulima kakhulu.
USonjoy Mohanty, oyi-CEO ye-ISMA, uthe ukutholakala kukashukela ngokweqile e-India manje kusho ukuthi “ukufinyelela i-ethanol eyingxube engu-20% ngeke kube inkinga.”“Ukuqhubekela phambili, inhloso yethu akukhona ukukhulisa indawo yomhlaba, kodwa ukukhulisa umkhiqizo ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo,” engeza.
Nakuba uxhaso lukahulumeni kanye namanani aphezulu e-ethanol kuzuzise izigayo zikashukela, umlimi waseNanglamal u-Arun Kumar Singh uthe abalimi abazuzanga kulo mgomo.
Umoba uvame ukutshalwa ngokusikwa futhi isivuno siyancipha ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa.Njengoba izigayo zikashukela zidinga inani elikhulu le-sucrose, abalimi bayelulekwa ukuba bashintshele ezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha futhi basebenzise umanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane.
USingh uthe ngaphandle kokulimala kwesimo sezulu njengamagagasi okushisa angonyaka odlule, izinhlobo zepulazi lakhe elilinywa kulo lonke elaseNdiya zidinga umanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane unyaka nonyaka.“Ngenxa yokuthi ngafutha kanye kuphela isilimo ngasinye, kwesinye isikhathi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngafutha kasikhombisa kulo nyaka,” usho kanje.
“Ibhodlela lesibulala-zinambuzane libiza u-$22 kanti lisebenza endaweni engamahektha amathathu.Nginomhlaba [ongamahektha angu-30] futhi kufanele ngiwufafaze kasikhombisa noma kasishiyagalombili kule sizini.Uhulumeni angakwazi ukwandisa inzuzo yesitshalo se-ethanol, kodwa sitholani.Intengo kamoba iyafana, i-$4 per cent [100kg],” kusho uSundar Tomar, omunye umlimi waseNanglamal.
USharma uthe ukukhiqizwa komoba kunciphise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba entshonalanga ye-Uttar Pradesh, okuyisifunda esibhekene nokushintsha kwemvula kanye nesomiso.Imboni iphinde ingcolise imifula ngokulahla isamba esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo emanzini: izigayo zikashukela ziwumthombo omkhulu kakhulu wamanzi angcolile esifundazweni.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima ukutshala ezinye izitshalo, kusho uSharma, okusongela ukuphepha kokudla kwaseNdiya.
"E-Maharashtra, izwe lesibili ngobukhulu ezweni elikhiqiza umoba, amaphesenti angama-70 amanzi okunisela asetshenziselwa ukutshala umoba, okungamaphesenti angu-4 kuphela wezitshalo zombuso," esho.
“Sesiqalile ukukhiqiza amalitha angu-37 million e-ethanol ngonyaka futhi sesiyitholile imvume yokwandisa umkhiqizo.Ukwanda komkhiqizo kulethe imali ezinzile kubalimi.Sihlanze cishe wonke amanzi angcolile alesi sikhungo,” kusho uRajendra Kandpal, oyi-CEO., imboni kashukela eNanglamal ukuze ichaze.
“Kumele sifundise abalimi ukuthi banciphise ukusebenzisa ama-fertilizer ekhemikhali kanye lezibulala-zinambuzane batshintshe basebenzise i-drip irrigation kumbe izifafazi.Mayelana nomoba, odla amanzi amaningi, lokhu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka, njengoba isimo sase-Uttar Pradesh sinothile ngamanzi.”Lokhu kushiwo yi-Indian Sugar Mills Association (ISMA) u-Abinash Verma, owayeyi-CEO.I-Verma yathuthukisa futhi yasebenzisa inqubomgomo kahulumeni omaphakathi ngoshukela, umoba kanye ne-ethanol, futhi yavula isitshalo sayo se-ethanol okusanhlamvu e-Bihar ngo-2022.
Ngenxa yemibiko yokwehla kokukhiqizwa komoba eNdiya, uPanwar waxwayisa ngokuphinda okwenzeka eBrazil ngo-2009-2013, lapho izimo zezulu eziguquguqukayo ziholela ekukhiqizeni umoba kancane kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol ephansi.
“Asikwazi ukusho ukuthi i-ethanol ihambisana nemvelo, uma kubhekwa zonke izindleko izwe elinazo zokukhiqiza i-ethanol, ingcindezi yemithombo yemvelo kanye nomthelela empilweni yabalimi,” kusho uPanwar.
Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uphinde ushicilele I-Third Pole ku-inthanethi noma uphrinte ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Creative Commons.Sicela ufunde umhlahlandlela wethu wokushicilela kabusha ukuze uqalise.
Ngokusebenzisa leli fomu lokubeka amazwana, uvumela ukugcinwa kwegama lakho nekheli le-IP ngale webhusayithi.Ukuze uqonde ukuthi siyigcina kuphi le datha futhi kungani, sicela ubone Inqubomgomo yethu Yobumfihlo.
Sikuthumelele i-imeyili enesixhumanisi sokuqinisekisa.Chofoza kuyo ukuze uyengeze ohlwini.Uma ungawuboni lo mlayezo, sicela uhlole ugaxekile wakho.
Sithumele i-imeyili yokuqinisekisa ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo, sicela uchofoze isixhumanisi sokuqinisekisa esiku-imeyili.Uma ungazange uthole le imeyili, sicela uhlole ugaxekile wakho.
Le webhusayithi isebenzisa amakhukhi ukuze sikwazi ukukunikeza ulwazi olungcono kakhulu lomsebenzisi.Ulwazi mayelana namakhukhi lugcinwe esipheqululini sakho.Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sikubone uma ubuyela kusayithi lethu futhi kusisiza siqonde ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zesayithi ozithola ziwusizo kakhulu.
Amakhukhi adingekayo kufanele ahlale evuliwe ukuze sikwazi ukulondoloza okuncamelayo kwezilungiselelo zekhukhi.
I-Third Pole iyinkundla enezilimi eziningi eklanyelwe ukusabalalisa ulwazi nezingxoxo mayelana nomfula wase-Himalaya kanye nemifula egeleza lapho.Bheka Inqubomgomo yethu Yobumfihlo.
I-Cloudflare - I-Cloudflare iyisevisi yokuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwamawebhusayithi nezinsizakalo.Sicela ubuyekeze Inqubomgomo Yobumfihlo ye-Cloudflare kanye Nemigomo Yesevisi.
I-Third Pole isebenzisa amakhukhi ahlukahlukene asebenzayo ukuqoqa imininingwane engaziwa njengenombolo yabavakashi kuwebhusayithi namakhasi aziwa kakhulu.Ukunika amandla lawa makhukhi kusisiza ukuthi sithuthukise iwebhusayithi yethu.
I-Google Analytics - Amakhukhi e-Google Analytics asetshenziselwa ukuqoqa imininingwane engaziwa mayelana nendlela osebenzisa ngayo iwebhusayithi yethu.Sisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze sithuthukise iwebhusayithi yethu futhi sixhumane nokufinyelela kokuqukethwe kwethu.Funda Inqubomgomo Yobumfihlo ye-Google kanye Nemigomo Yesevisi.
I-Google Inc. - I-Google iphethe i-Google Ads, Display & Video 360 kanye ne-Google Ad Manager.Lawa masevisi akwenza kube lula futhi kusebenze kahle kakhulu ukuhlela, ukwenza nokuhlaziya izinhlelo zokumaketha zabakhangisi, okuvumela abashicileli ukuthi bakhulise inani lokukhangisa ku-inthanethi.Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ungase ubone ukuthi i-Google ibeka amakhukhi okukhangisa ku-Google.com noma ezizindeni ze-DoubleClick.net, okuhlanganisa namakhukhi okuphuma.
I-Twitter - I-Twitter iyinethiwekhi yolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela ekuxhuma ezindabeni zakamuva, imicabango, imibono, nezindaba ozithandayo.Vele uthole ama-akhawunti owathandayo bese ulandela izingxoxo.
I-Facebook Inc. - I-Facebook iyisevisi yokuxhumana nabantu eku-inthanethi.i-chinadialogue izinikele ekusizeni abafundi bethu ukuthi bathole okuqukethwe okubathakaselayo ukuze baqhubeke nokufunda okwengeziwe kokuqukethwe abakuthandayo.Uma ungumsebenzisi wenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi, singakwenza lokhu sisebenzisa iphikseli enikezwe i-Facebook evumela i-Facebook ukuthi ibeke ikhukhi esipheqululini sakho sewebhu.Isibonelo, lapho abasebenzisi be-Facebook bebuyela ku-Facebook besuka kuwebhusayithi yethu, i-Facebook ingase ibabone njengengxenye yokufundwa kwe-chinadialogue futhi ibathumele ukuxhumana kwethu nokumaketha nokunye okuqukethwe kwethu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.Idatha engatholwa ngale ndlela ikhawulelwe ku-URL yekhasi elivakashelwe kanye nolwazi olulinganiselwe olungadluliswa isiphequluli, njengekheli laso le-IP.Ngaphezu kwezilawuli zekhukhi esizibalule ngenhla, uma ungumsebenzisi we-Facebook, ungaphuma ngalesi sixhumanisi.
I-LinkedIn - I-LinkedIn iyinethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu egxile kwezamabhizinisi nasemsebenzini esebenza ngamawebhusayithi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.