I-Global Durian Trade Overview ka-2023 ekhishwe yiNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ikhombisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-durian emhlabeni jikelele kukhuphuke izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kusukela cishe kumathani ayi-80000 ngo-2003 kuya cishe kumathani ayi-870000 ngo-2022. Sekukonke, ngaphezu kwama-90% okuthunyelwa kwe-durian emhlabeni jikelele ahlinzekwa yiThailand, iVietnam neMalaysia ngayinye ibalwa cishe ngama-3%, kanti iPhilippines ne-Indonesia nazo zinempahla encane ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Njengomthengisi omkhulu we-durian, i-China ithenga ama-95% okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, kuyilapho i-Singapore ithenga cishe u-3%.
I-Durian iyisitshalo esiyigugu kakhulu futhi singesinye sezithelo ezikhiqiza kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Imakethe yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle ibichuma kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Idatha yakamuva ibonisa ukuthi ukuhweba kwe-durian emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele inani eliphakeme lamathani angu-930000 ngo-2021. Ukukhula kwemali engenayo kanye nokushintsha ngokushesha okuthandwa ngabathengi bamazwe angenayo (okubaluleke kakhulu i-China), kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe beketanga elibandayo kanye nokunciphisa okuphawulekayo kwesikhathi sokuthutha, konke kunomthelela ekwandiseni ukuhweba. Yize ingekho imininingwane eqondile yokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi abakhulu be-durian yiThailand, Malaysia, ne-Indonesia, ngokukhiqiza okulinganiselwa ku-3 million wamathani ngonyaka. Kuze kube manje, iThailand ingumthumeli omkhulu we-durian, ibalwa ku-94% wesilinganiso sokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni phakathi kuka-2020 no-2022. Ivolumu yokuhweba esele cishe ihlinzekwa yiVietnam neMalaysia, ngayinye ibalwa cishe ngama-3%. I-durian ekhiqizwa e-Indonesia inikezwa ikakhulukazi emakethe yasekhaya.
Njengomthengisi omkhulu we-durian, i-China yathenga cishe amathani angama-740000 e-durian ngonyaka kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2022, okulingana nama-95% wesamba esiphelele sokuthengwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele. Iningi lama-durians angeniswe evela eChina aqhamuka eThailand, kepha eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthengwa kwempahla evela eVietnam nakho kunyukile.
Ukuphendula isidingo esikhula ngokushesha, inani lentengo yeyunithi yokuhweba ye-durian liye lenyuka kancane kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Ezingeni lokungenisa kusuka ku-2021 kuya ku-2022, intengo yeyunithi yonyaka ifinyelele cishe ku-$5000 ngethani, izikhathi eziningana kunesilinganiso sentengo yeyunithi kabhanana nezithelo ezinkulu zasezindaweni ezishisayo. I-Durian ithathwa njengesibiliboco esiyingqayizivele e-China futhi ithola ukunakwa okukhulayo kubathengi. NgoZibandlela wezi-2021, ukuvulwa kukajantshi wesitimela ohamba ngesivinini esiphezulu wase-China Laos kuqhubekisele phambili nokukhuthaza ukukhula kokuthengwa kwe-durian evela eThailand evela e-China. Kuthatha izinsuku/amaviki ambalwa ukuthutha impahla ngeloli noma ngomkhumbi. Njengesixhumanisi sezokuthutha phakathi kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseThailand neChina, i-China Laos Railway idinga kuphela amahora angaphezu kwangu-20 ukuthutha izimpahla ngesitimela. Lokhu kwenza i-durian neminye imikhiqizo yezolimo emisha evela eThailand ithuthwe iye emakethe yaseShayina ngesikhathi esifushane, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ubusha bemikhiqizo. Imibiko yakamuva yezimboni kanye nedatha yokuqala mayelana nokugeleza kohwebo kwanyanga zonke ikhombisa ukuthi ukuthengwa kwe-durian yaseChina kukhuphuke cishe ngama-60% ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala zika-2023.
Emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, i-durian isabhekwa njengomkhiqizo wenoveli noma we-niche. Ukonakala okuphezulu kwe-durian entsha kwenza kube nzima ukuthutha imikhiqizo emisha iye ezimakethe ezikude, okusho ukuthi izidingo zokungenisa ezweni ezihlobene namazinga okuvalelwa kwezitshalo kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuhlangatshezwana nazo. Ngakho-ke, iningi le-durian elithengiswa emhlabeni wonke liyacutshungulwa futhi lihlanganiswe ku-durian eqandisiwe, i-durian eyomisiwe, ujamu, kanye nezithako zokudla. Abathengi abanalo ulwazi nge-durian, futhi intengo yayo ephezulu isibe isithiyo sokuthi i-durian iqhubeke nokukhula ibe yimakethe yamazwe omhlaba ebanzi. Sekukonke, uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wezinye izithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, ikakhulukazi ubhanana, uphayinaphu, umango, nokwatapheya, ukubaluleka kwazo kuphansi.
Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa inani eliphakeme kakhulu lentengo yokuthekelisa ye-durian, ifinyelele isilinganiso sohwebo somhlaba wonke esingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zamaRandi ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2020 no-2022, ngaphambi kakhulu komango abasha namaphayinaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunyelwa kwe-durian entsha isuka eThailand iye e-United States kuphindeke ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ifinyelela isilinganiso samathani angaba ngu-3000 ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2020 no-2022, ngenani lokungenisa eliphakathi konyaka elilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-10 zamadola aseMelika, okufakazela futhi ukuthi i-durian iya ngokuya ithandwa ngaphandle kwase-Asia. Sekukonke, isilinganiso senani lokuthekelisa lonyaka le-durian lisuka eThailand phakathi kuka-2021 no-2022 lalingamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.3, okuyenza ibe yimpahla yesithathu enkulu kunazo zonke ethunyelwa kwezolimo eThailand, ngemuva kwerabha yemvelo nelayisi. Isilinganiso senani lonyaka lokuthekelisa lalezi zimpahla ezimbili phakathi kuka-2021 no-2022 lalingamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.9 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.7, ngokulandelana.
Lezi zinombolo zikhombisa ukuthi uma ama-durians abola kakhulu angaphathwa kahle ngokwemibandela yokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, ukucutshungulwa kwangemuva kokuvuna, kanye nezokuthutha, ngokugxila ekusebenzeni kahle kwezindleko, ukuhwebelana kwe-durian kungaletha amathuba amakhulu ebhizinisi kwabathumela ngaphandle, kubandakanya namazwe anemali ephansi. Ezimakethe ezinemali engenayo ephezulu njenge-European Union kanye ne-United States, amandla emakethe ancike kakhulu ekwenzeni kube lula kubathengi ukuthenga lesi sithelo nokuqinisa ukuqwashisa kwabathengi.