Izidingo eziphakeme zokukhiqiza kuzo zonke izindawo zokuphatha izinto eziningi zidinga ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle ngendlela ephephile nephumelelayo ngezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza.Njengoba amasistimu okuthutha eba banzi, ngokushesha nangesikhathi eside, kuzodingeka amandla engeziwe kanye nokulawulwa kakhudlwana kokudlulisa.Kuhlanganiswe nezidingo eziqinile zokulawula, abaholi bebhizinisi abakhathalela kakhulu izindleko kufanele bacabangele ngokucophelela ukuthi iyiphi imishini emisha nezinketho zokuklama ezihlangabezana nezinhloso zabo zesikhathi eside zembuyiselo engcono kakhulu yokutshalwa kwezimali (ROI).
Ukuvikeleka kungase kube umthombo omusha wokunciphisa izindleko.Eminyakeni engu-30 ezayo, ingxenye yezimayini kanye nezindawo ezicutshungulwayo ezinosikompilo oluphakeme lokuphepha cishe izokhula ize ibe yinjwayelo kunokuba kube okuhlukile.Ezimweni eziningi, opharetha bangakwazi ukubona ngokushesha izinkinga ezingalindelekile ngemishini ekhona kanye nokuphepha kwendawo yokusebenza ngokulungiswa kwejubane lebhande elincane kuphela.Lezi zinkinga zivame ukubonakala njengokuvuza okukhulu, ukwanda kokukhishwa kwezintuli, ukugudluzwa kwamabhande, kanye nokuguga/ukwehluleka kwemishini.
Umthamo omkhulu ebhandeni lokudlulisa udala ukuchitheka okwengeziwe nezinto eziguquguqukayo ezizungeze isistimu ezingakhubeka.Ngokusho kwe-US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), ama-slip, uhambo nokuwa kunesibopho samaphesenti angu-15 akho konke ukufa emsebenzini kanye namaphesenti angu-25 azo zonke izicelo zokulimala emsebenzini.[1] Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivinini esiphezulu sebhande senza amaphuzu okuncinza kanye nokulahla kumaconveyors abe yingozi kakhulu, njengoba izikhathi zokusabela zincipha kakhulu lapho izingubo, amathuluzi, noma izitho zesisebenzi zipotshozwa ngokuthintana ngephutha.[2]
Lapho ibhande lokuthutha lihamba ngokushesha, yilapho lichezuka ngokushesha endleleni yalo futhi kuba nzima nakakhulu ngesistimu yokulandela umkhondo ukunxephezela lokhu, okuholela ekuvuzeni kuyo yonke indlela yokuthutha.Ngenxa yokugudluzwa komthwalo, amavila aminyene, noma ezinye izimbangela, ibhande lingathintana ngokushesha nohlaka oluyinhloko, liklebhule imiphetho futhi libangele umlilo wokungqubuzana.Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yokuphepha emsebenzini, amabhande okuthutha angasakaza umlilo endaweni yonke ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu.
Enye ingozi yendawo yokusebenza - futhi eqhubeka kulawulwa - ukukhishwa kwezintuli.Ukukhuphuka kwevolumu yomthwalo kusho isisindo esengeziwe ngesivinini esiphezulu sebhande, okubangela ukudlidliza okwengeziwe ohlelweni futhi kwehlisa izinga lomoya ngothuli.Ukwengeza, ama-blade okuhlanza avame ukungasebenzi kahle njengoba ivolumu ikhuphuka, okuholela ekukhiqizweni okubalekayo endleleni ebuyayo yesithuthi.Izinhlayiya eziqhumayo zingangcolisa izingxenye eziginqikayo futhi zibangele ukuthi zibambe, okwandisa ithuba lokushiswa kokungqubuzana nokwandisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yomoya ephansi ingaholela ekuhlawulisweni komhloli kanye nokuvalwa okuphoqelelwe.
Njengoba amabhande okuthutha ethatha isikhathi eside futhi eshesha, ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokulandela umkhondo bubaluleka kakhulu, bukwazi ukubona izinguquko ezincane endleleni yokuthutha futhi bunxephezele ngokushesha amandla esisindo, isivinini kanye namandla okukhukhuleka ngaphambi kokulayisha ngokweqile i-tracker.Igitshezwa njalo ngamamitha angu-70 kuye kwayi-150 (amamitha angu-21 kuye kwangama-50) ezinhlangothini ezibuyayo nezilayishayo—phambi kwepulley yokulayisha ohlangothini lomthwalo kanye nephaleji elingaphambili ohlangothini olubuyayo—abalandeleli abasha abaphezulu naphansi basebenzisa i-multi-innovative. i-hinge mechanism.Ubuchwepheshe bokuphindaphinda kwe-torque obunokuhlanganiswa kwengalo yezinzwa kuthola izinguquko ezincane kumzila webhande futhi ngokushesha bulungise ipulley eyodwa yerabha eyisicaba engenzi lutho ukuze iphinde iqondanise ibhande.
Ukunciphisa izindleko ngethani ngalinye lezinto ezithuthwayo, izimboni eziningi zithuthela kuma-conveyor abanzi futhi asheshayo.Umklamo wesikhala wendabuko kungenzeka uhlale usezingeni.Kodwa ngokuthuthela emabhandeni okuthutha abanzi, anesivinini esiphezulu, izibambi zempahla eyinqwaba zizodinga ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile ezingxenyeni eziqinile njengama-idlers, amasondo amasondo nama-chute.
Inkinga enkulu ngemiklamo eminingi ejwayelekile ye-gutter ukuthi ayakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zokukhiqiza.Ukukhipha impahla eyinqwaba ukusuka ku-chute yokudlulisa kuyifake ebhandeni elihambayo lokuthutha kungashintsha ukuhamba kwempahla ku-chute, kubangele ukulayisha ngaphandle kwendawo, kukhuphule ukuvuza kwempahla ebalekayo kanye nokukhululwa kothuli ngemva kokuphuma endaweni yokulungisa.
Imiklamo yakamuva yomkhombe isiza ukugxilisa okubalulekile ebhandeni endaweni evalwe kahle, ikhulise ukuphuma, ikhawulele ukuvuza, inciphise uthuli futhi inciphise izingozi ezivamile zokulimala emsebenzini.Esikhundleni sokuwisa izisindo ngokuqondile ebhandeni ngamandla amakhulu, ukwehla kwezisindo kulawulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe isimo sebhande futhi kwelule impilo yezisekelo zomthelela namarola ngokukhawulela amandla ezisindweni endaweni yomthwalo.Ukuncipha kwesiyaluyalu kwenza kube lula ukuthinta i-wear liner nesiketi futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuba into emfishane ibanjwe phakathi kwesiketi nebhande, okungadala ukulimala okungqubuzana nokugqokwa kwebhande.
Indawo ethule yemojuli yinde futhi yinde kunemiklamo yangaphambilini, okuvumela isikhathi sokuzinza komthwalo, okuhlinzeka ngendawo eyengeziwe nesikhathi sokuba umoya wehlise ijubane, okuvumela uthuli ukuthi luhlale kahle kakhulu.Idizayini ye-modular ivumelana kalula nezinguqulo zesitsha ezizayo.Indwangu yangaphandle ingashintshwa ngaphandle kwe-chute, kunokuba idinge ukungena okuyingozi ku-chute njengasemiklameni yangaphambilini.Izembozo ze-chute ezinamakhethini othuli lwangaphakathi zilawula ukugeleza komoya kubo bonke ubude be-chute, okuvumela uthuli ukuthi luhlale ekhethini futhi ekugcineni luwele ebhandeni ngamaqoqo amakhulu.Isistimu yophawu lwesiketi esiphindwe kabili ifaka uphawu lokuqala kanye nophawu lwesibili emgqeni we-elastomer ozinhlangothi zombili ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuchitheka nokuvuza kothuli ezinhlangothini zombili ze-chute.
Izivinini eziphakeme zamabhande nazo ziholela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okusebenza kanye nokwenyuka kokuguga kuma-blade ahlanzekile.Imithwalo emikhulu esondela ngesivinini esiphezulu ishaya ama-blade amakhulu ngamandla engeziwe, okwenza ezinye izakhiwo ziguge ngokushesha, zikhukhuleke kakhulu futhi zichitheke nothuli.Ukunxephezela ukuphila kwemishini emifushane, abakhiqizi bangehlisa izindleko zokuhlanza amabhande, kodwa lesi akusona isixazululo esimeme esingasiqedi isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphumula esihambisana nokugcinwa kokuhlanza kanye nokushintsha kwezinsimbi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngenkathi abanye abakhiqizi be-blade bezabalaza ukuhambisana nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezishintshayo, umholi wemboni ezisombululweni zokuthutha ushintsha imboni yokuhlanza ngokunikela ngama-blade enziwe nge-polyurethane enziwe ngokukhethekile enziwe nge-heavy-duty polyurethane eyakhiwe futhi esikwa esizeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa okusha futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside.umkhiqizo.Ukusebenzisa i-torsion, i-spring noma i-pneumatic tensioners, abahlanzi bokuqala abawathinti amabhande namajoyinti, kodwa basusa i-drift ngempumelelo kakhulu.Emisebenzini enzima kakhulu, isicoci esiyinhloko sisebenzisa i-matrix yamablade e-tungsten carbide asethwe ngokudayagonali ukuze akhe ijika elinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezizungeze ipulley enkulu.Inkonzo yasensimini inqume ukuthi impilo yesicoci esiyinhloko se-polyurethane ngokuvamile iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4 ngaphandle kokuhlehla.
Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo bokuhlanza amabhande, amasistimu azenzakalelayo andisa ukuphila kwe-blade nempilo yebhande ngokususa ukuthintana kwe-blade-to-belt lapho umthumeli engenzi lutho.I-tensioner ye-pneumatic, exhunywe ohlelweni lomoya ocindezelwe, ifakwe inzwa ebona lapho ibhande lingasalayishwa futhi ihoxisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-blades, inciphisa ukuguga okungadingekile ebhandeni nasekuhlanzeni.Kuphinde kunciphise umzamo wokuhlala ulawula futhi uqinise ama-blades ukuze asebenze kahle kakhulu.Umphumela uba ukungezwani kwe-blade okulungile njalo, ukuhlanzwa okuthembekile nempilo ende ye-blade, konke ngaphandle kokungenelela komsebenzisi.
Amasistimu aklanyelwe ukuhamba amabanga amade ngesivinini esiphezulu ngokuvamile ahlinzeka ngamandla kumaphuzu abalulekile afana ne-head pulley, indiva ukufaneleka “kwezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile” ezizenzakalelayo, izinzwa, izibani, okunamathiselwe, noma ezinye izinto zokusebenza ngobude besithumeli.ugesi.Amandla asizayo angaba inkimbinkimbi futhi abize, adinge ama-transformer amakhulu, amapayipi, amabhokisi ahlanganayo kanye nezintambo ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukwehla kwamandla kagesi angenakugwenywa phakathi nesikhathi eside sokusebenza.Amandla elanga nawomoya angathembeki kwezinye izindawo, ikakhulukazi ezimayini, ngakho abaqhubi badinga ezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza ugesi ngokuthembekile.
Ngokuxhuma i-microgenerator enelungelo lobunikazi ku-pulley engenzi lutho nokusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic akhiqizwa ibhande elinyakazayo, manje sekungenzeka ukunqoba izithiyo zokutholakala eziza namasistimu asizayo anika amandla.Lawa majeneretha aklanywe njengezitshalo zamandla ezizimela zodwa ezingafakwa kabusha ezakhiweni ezikhona zokusekela abantu abangenzi lutho futhi zisetshenziswe cishe nanoma iyiphi insimbi.
Umklamo usebenzisa i-coupling kazibuthe ukuze unamathisele "isitobhi se-drive" ekupheleni kwe-pulley ekhona efana nobubanzi obungaphandle.I-pawl yokushayela, ezungeziswa ukunyakaza kwebhande, isebenzisana nejeneretha ngokusebenzisa izigaxa zokushayela ezenziwe ngomshini endlini.Izikhwezi zikazibuthe ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukugcwala kukagesi noma komshini akumenzi umqulu, esikhundleni salokho omazibuthe bahlukanisiwe endaweni eqengqelekayo.Ngokubeka ijeneretha ngaphandle kwendlela yokusebenza, idizayini entsha emisha igwema imiphumela elimazayo yemithwalo esindayo nezinto eziyinqwaba.
Ukuzenzakalela kuyindlela yesikhathi esizayo, kodwa njengoba izisebenzi ezinolwazi zithatha umhlalaphansi kanye nabasebenzi abasebasha abangena emakethe babhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele, amakhono okuphepha nawokulungisa aba nzima futhi abucayi.Nakuba ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwemishini lusadingeka, ochwepheshe besevisi abasha nabo badinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe oluthuthuke kakhulu.Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwemfuneko yomsebenzi kuzokwenza kube nzima ukuthola abantu abanamakhono amaningi, kugqugquzele opharetha ukuthi bakhiphe izinsiza ezithile zobungcweti futhi benze izinkontileka zesondlo zande kakhulu.
Ukuqapha ama-Conveyor okuhlobene nokuphepha nokugcinwa kokuvikela kuzothembeka ngokwandayo futhi kusabalele, okuvumela amaconveyor ukuthi asebenze ngokuzimele futhi abikezele izidingo zokunakekela.Ekugcineni, ama-agent akhethekile azimele (amarobhothi, ama-drones, njll.) azothatha eminye yemisebenzi eyingozi, ikakhulukazi ezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba, njengoba i-ROI yokuphepha inikeza izizathu ezengeziwe.
Ekugcineni, ukuphatha okungabizi nokuphephile kwenqwaba yezinto eziyinqwaba kuzoholela ekuthuthukisweni kweziteshi eziningi zokuphatha izinto eziyinqwaba ezintsha nezikhiqiza kakhulu.Izimoto ebezithuthwa ngaphambilini ngamaloli, izitimela noma izikebhe, abathutha amabanga amade phezu komhlaba abahambisa impahla esuka ezimayini noma ezinkwalini ukuya ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla noma ezimbonini ezilungisa izinto, kungase kuphazamise ngisho nomkhakha wezokuthutha.Lawa manethiwekhi okucubungula amavolumu aphezulu amabanga amade asesunguliwe ezindaweni ezithile okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, kodwa angase abe yinsakavukela ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
[1] “Iziliphu, Uhambo & Ukukhonjwa Kwezimpophoma Nokuvimbela;” [1] “Iziliphu, Uhambo & Ukukhonjwa Kwezimpophoma Nokuvimbela;”[1] “Ukutholwa nokuvimbela iziliphu, uhambo nokuwa”;[1] I-Slip, Trip, and Fall Recognition and Prevention, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Sacramento, CA, 2007. https://www.osha.gov/dte/grant_materials/fy07/sh-16625-07/ slipstripsfalls.ppt
[2] Swindman, Todd, Marty, Andrew D., Marshall, Daniel: "Conveyor Safety Fundamentals", Martin Engineering, Isigaba 1, p.14. I-Worzalla Publishing Company, eStevens Point, Wisconsin, 2016 https://www.martin-eng.com/content/product/690/security book
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