Ucwaningo olusha lwasolwandle lubonisa ukuthi i-meltwater yase-Antarctica inciphisa imisinga yolwandle ejulile enethonya ngokuqondile isimo sezulu soMhlaba.
Izilwandle zomhlaba zingase zibonakale zifana kahle uma zibukwa usendaweni yomkhumbi noma indiza, kodwa kuningi okwenzekayo ngaphansi. Imifula emikhulu ithwala ukushisa kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya e-Arctic nase-Antarctica, lapho amanzi epholisa khona bese egeleza futhi ebheke enkabazwe. Abantu abahlala ogwini olusempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika naseYurophu bajwayelene ne-Gulf Stream. Ngaphandle kwayo, lezi zindawo bezingeke zihlale abantu, kodwa bezizobanda kakhulu kunalokho eziyikho manje.
Lokhu kugqwayiza kubonisa indlela yepayipi lomhlaba jikelele. Imicibisholo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibonisa indlela yokugeleza kwamanzi ajulile, abandayo, aminyene. Imicibisholo ebomvu ibonisa indlela yamanzi angaphezulu afudumele, aminyene kancane. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi “iphakethe” lamanzi lingathatha iminyaka engu-1 000 ukuqeda uhambo lwalo ngebhande lomhlaba wonke lokuthutha. Umthombo wesithombe: NOAA
Imisinga yasolwandle, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, iyisimiso sokupholisa imoto. Uma kukhona okuphazamisa ukuhamba okuvamile kwesipholile, kukhona okubi okungenzeka enjinini yakho. Kwenzeka okufanayo eMhlabeni uma imisinga yolwandle iphazamiseka. Azigcini nje ngokusiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, kodwa futhi zinikeza izakhamzimba ezibalulekile ezidingekayo empilweni yasolwandle. Ngenhla kunomdwebo ohlinzekwe yi-NOAA ochaza ukuthi imisinga yolwandle isebenza kanjani. Ngezansi incazelo yomlomo ye-NOAA.
"I-Thermohaline Circulation ishayela uhlelo lomhlaba wonke lwemisinga yolwandle olubizwa ngokuthi i-Global Conveyor. Ibhande le-conveyor liqala olwandle eduze nezigxobo zaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Lapha amanzi aba epholile ngenxa yamazinga okushisa ase-Arctic. Abuye abe nosawoti omningi ngoba uma iqhwa lasolwandle kwakheka, usawoti awuqini futhi uhlala emanzini azungezile. Ukuthutheleka kwamanzi angaphezulu esikhundleni samanzi azikayo, okwenza imisinga.
“La manzi ajulile aya eningizimu, phakathi kwamazwekazi, anqamule inkabazwe futhi aze afike ekugcineni kwe-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Imisinga yasolwandle igeleza emaphethelweni e-Antarctica, lapho amanzi ephinde aphole futhi azike khona, njengaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Futhi kunjalo, ibhande lokuthutha “lishajiwe.” Ngemva kokuzungeza i-Antarctica, izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene nebhande lokuthutha futhi zijikela enyakatho ne-Indian Ocean, enye ingxenye ingena e-Pacific Ocean.
“Njengoba siya enyakatho siya ngasenkabazwe, lezi zingxenye ezimbili ziyahlukana, zifudumale, futhi ziyancipha njengoba zikhuphukela phezulu.
Amabhande okuthutha ahamba kancane kakhulu (amasentimitha ambalwa ngomzuzwana) kunomoya noma amaza olwandle (amashumi kuya kumakhulu amasentimitha ngomzuzwana) Kulinganiselwa ukuthi noma iyiphi i-cubic meter yamanzi izothatha iminyaka eyi-1000 ukuqedela uhambo lwawo emhlabeni jikelele. yoMfula i-Amazon.
Amabhande okuthutha nawo ayingxenye ebalulekile yokuhamba ngebhayisikili kwemisoco kanye ne-carbon dioxide olwandle emhlabeni. Amanzi afudumele angaphansi kwezakhi kanye ne-carbon dioxide, kodwa abuye acebe njengoba edlula ebhandeni lokuthutha njengezendlalelo ezijulile noma i-substrate. Isisekelo sochungechunge lokudla komhlaba.
Ucwaningo olusha olwanyatheliswa ngo-March 29 ephephabhukwini i-Nature lubonisa ukuthi njengoba i-Antarctica ifudumala, amanzi avela eziqhweni ezincibilikayo angase abambezele le misinga yolwandle emikhulu ngamaphesenti angu-40 ngo-2050. Umphumela uzoba izinguquko ezinkulu esimweni sezulu esingekho ngempela. Lokhu kuqondwa kahle, kodwa kungaholela ekusheshiseni isomiso, izikhukhula kanye nokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhamba kancane kwemisinga yasolwandle kungashintsha isimo sezulu emhlabeni amakhulu eminyaka. Lokhu-ke kungase kube nemiphumela ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle ngokushesha, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye namandla ezilwane zasolwandle ezilambile ngaphandle kokufinyelela emithonjeni ebalulekile yemisoco.
USolwazi Matt England, waseNyuvesi yaseNew South Wales' Centre for Climate Change Research kanye nombhali ngokubambisana wocwaningo olwanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Nature, uthe wonke amanzi olwandle ajulile asendleleni yawo yamanje ebheke ekuweni. “Esikhathini esidlule, kwakuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kweyinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu ukuthi le mijikelezo ishintshe, kodwa manje kuthatha amashumi ambalwa eminyaka kuphela. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu kunalokho ebesikucabanga, le mijikelezo iyancipha. “
Ukunensa kwemisinga yolwandle ejulile kungenxa yobuningi bamanzi ashona phansi olwandle abese egelezela enyakatho. UDkt Qian Li, owake waba seNyuvesi yaseNew South Wales futhi manje oseMassachusetts Institute of Technology, ungumbhali ohamba phambili walolu cwaningo, olwadidiyelwa yi-England. Ukuwohloka komnotho “kuzoyishintsha kakhulu indlela ulwandle olusabela ngayo ekushiseni, emanzini ahlanzekile, komoya-mpilo, ikhabhoni nezakhamzimba, kube nomthelela ezilwandle zomhlaba wonke emakhulwini eminyaka ezayo,” kubhala ababhali. Omunye umphumela kungaba ushintsho olubalulekile emvuleni - Ezinye izindawo zithola imvula eningi kanti ezinye zithola kancane kakhulu.
“Asifuni ukwenza izindlela zokuziqinisa kulezi zindawo,” kusho u-Lee, wengeza ngokuthi ukwehla kolwandle kuye kwamisa ulwandle olujulile, lwaphuca umoya-mpilo. Lapho izidalwa zasolwandle zifa, zengeza umsoco emanzini ashona phansi olwandle futhi azungeza olwandle emhlabeni. Lezi zakhi zomsoco zibuya ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka futhi zisebenza njengokudla kwe-phytoplankton. Lesi yisisekelo sochungechunge lokudla kwasolwandle.
UDkt Steve Rintoul, isazi sasolwandle kanye nochwepheshe waseNingizimu yoLwandle ku-Australian Government's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, uthe njengoba ukuhamba kancane olwandle olwandle kuhamba kancane, imisoco embalwa izobuyela olwandle olungenhla, kube nomthelela ekukhiqizeni i-phytoplankton. ikhulu leminyaka.
"Uma ukujikeleza kokuginqika kuhamba kancane, singayiqala kabusha ngokumisa ukukhishwa kwe-meltwater ezungeze i-Antarctica, okusho ukuthi sidinga isimo sezulu esipholile bese silinda ukuthi siqale futhi. Ukukhishwa kwethu kwamagesi abamba ukushisa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo Uma silinda isikhathi eside, kulapho sizimisela nakakhulu ukwenza izinguquko ezengeziwe. Uma sibheka emuva eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, sasicabanga ukuthi ukujula kolwandle kwakukude kakhulu futhi kwashintsha kakhulu. basikisele okunye.”
USolwazi Stefan Rahmstorf, isazi solwandle kanye nenhloko yokuhlaziya uhlelo lwe-Earth e-Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, uthe lolu cwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi "isimo sezulu esizungeze i-Antarctica kungenzeka sibe buthakathaka nakakhulu emashumini eminyaka ezayo." Umbiko oyinhloko wesimo sezulu we-UN “unamaphutha amakhulu futhi osekuyisikhathi eside ukhona” ngoba awubonisi ukuthi i-meltwater iluthinta kanjani utwa lolwandle. “Amanzi ancibilikayo anciphisa usawoti kulezi zindawo zolwandle, okwenza amanzi angabi minyene ukuze angabi nesisindo esanele sokucwila futhi akhiphe amanzi asevele ekhona.”
Njengoba isilinganiso samazinga okushisa embulunga yonke siqhubeka nokukhuphuka, kunokuhlobana phakathi kokuhamba kancane kwemisinga yolwandle kanye nesidingo esingaba khona se-geoengineering ukuze kuphole iplanethi. Kokubili kuzoba nemiphumela engalindelekile engaba nemiphumela elimazayo ezimpilweni zabantu ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
Isixazululo, kunjalo, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kanye ne-methane, kodwa abaholi bomhlaba baye baphuza ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngenxa yokuthi ukwenza kanjalo kuzoholela ekubuyiseleni emuva kwabahlinzeki bakaphethiloli kanye nentukuthelo evela kubathengi abathembele kumafutha. Amafutha ashisa izimoto, ashise amakhaya futhi anike amandla i-inthanethi.
Ukube i-United States ibizimisele ngokwenza abathengi bakhokhele ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi, izindleko zikagesi ezivela ezikhungweni zikagesi ngamalahle bezizophindeka kabili noma kathathu, futhi inani likaphethiloli belizodlula amaRandi ayishumi ilitha. Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu okungenhla, iningi labavoti lizokhala futhi livotele abantu abathembisa ukubuyisa izinsuku ezimnandi zakudala. Ngamanye amazwi, cishe siyoqhubeka siphokophele ekusaseni elingaqinisekile, futhi izingane zethu nabazukulu bayobhekana nemiphumela yokwehluleka kwethu ukwenza noma iyiphi indlela enengqondo.
USolwazi Rahmstorff uthe esinye isici esikhathazayo sokuncipha kwemisinga yasolwandle okubangelwa ukwanda kwamanzi ancibilikayo e-Antarctica ukuthi ukuncipha kwemisinga yolwandle ejulile kungase kuthinte inani le-carbon dioxide elingagcinwa ekujuleni kolwandle. Singasiza ekunciphiseni lesi simo ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ne-methane, kodwa kunobufakazi obuncane bokuthi isifiso sezepolitiki sokwenza lokho sikhona.
USteve ubhala mayelana nokuphambana kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusimama ukusuka emzini wakhe eFlorida noma noma yikuphi lapho amandla engamyisa khona. Wayeziqhenya ngokuthi “uvukile” futhi engenandaba nokuthi kungani ingilazi yaphuka. Ukholelwa ngokuqinile emazwini kaSocrates, awasho eminyakeni engu-3 000 edlule: “Imfihlo yoshintsho iwukugxilisa wonke amandla akho ekulweni nomdala, kodwa ekwakheni okusha.”
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